What cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) finding would confirm a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis?

The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis can be confirmed through specific findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. One key indicator is the appearance of the CSF, which typically presents as cloudy or turbid in cases of bacterial meningitis. This cloudiness results from the presence of increased white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, and possibly bacteria, indicating an inflammatory response due to an infection.

The clarity of the CSF can help differentiate bacterial meningitis from other types of meningitis, such as viral, where the CSF tends to remain clear. Additionally, other markers like elevated protein and low glucose levels are also associated with bacterial meningitis, but the initial visual appearance of the CSF is a strong, immediate indicator that raises suspicion for bacterial etiology. Thus, a cloudy appearance in the CSF strongly supports the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.